Nuclear density gauges consist of a sealed source in
a source holder and a scintillation detector. The source
holder is mounted on the side of a pipe or chute with
the detector on the opposite side. A focused beam of radiation
is transmitted from the source through the pipe and process
material to the detector. As the density of the material
in the pipe changes the amount of radiation reaching the
detector changes. The greater the density of the material,
the lower the radiation field at the detector; the lower
the density of the material, the higher the radiation
field at the detector.
When the radiation strikes the scintillation crystal,
pulses of light are emitted which are detected by the
photomultiplier tube. The amount of light is proportional
to the amount of radiation striking the detector. The
photomultiplier tube then creates a signal that is proportional
to the amount of light received which is sent to the electronics
for conversion to a 4 to 20mA or other useable process
signal. Low density material allows greater radiation
to reach the scintillation detector.
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